Targeted Abnormalities in Various Nervous Systems
Pain processing abnormalities have been identified at different levels of the peripheral, central, and sympathetic nervous systems in people with fibromyalgia. Abnormalities have also been detected in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These dysfunctions correspond to the neurohormonal stress response.
Documented abnormalities include:
- Peripheral sensitivity and the phenomenon of central sensitization. These dysfunctional mechanisms are illustrated by functional brain MRI and SPECT scans, and by elevated levels of substance P in the cerebrospinal fluid.
- Dysfunction of diffuse inhibitors of nociceptive impulses.
Various Causes
Fibromyalgia can be caused by genetic factors and by previous physical or psychological trauma. Scientific literature suggests that pain can be triggered by physical trauma, such as a spinal injury following an accident, but it can also stem from psychological trauma.
Other related traumas, such as surgery, repetitive strain, childbirth, viral infections, and exposure to chemical products may also be involved.
Genetic predisposition can also be a cause if more than one family member is affected. And some cases may develop gradually, with no apparent cause. In all cases, it is not advisable to focus excessively on one triggering event, as this may compromise patient care.